Written by Nicola van Ass – Qualified Dog Trainer, Groomer and Feline Behaviourist
If you’ve ever seen your cat rhythmically pressing their paws into a soft surface – whether it’s a blanket, a cushion, or even you – then you’ve witnessed the endearing behaviour known as “kneading”. This action, often referred to as “making biscuits” because of its resemblance to kneading dough, is a common feline trait. But why do cats knead, and what does it mean when they do it to humans?
Cats knead for several instinctive reasons. The behaviour originates in kittenhood, where kittens knead their mother’s belly to stimulate milk production. This comforting act often carries into adulthood, and cats continue to knead when they feel relaxed, content, or nostalgic for that sense of security. This is why kneading is often associated with a calm, happy cat. It’s their way of showing they’re at ease and safe in their environment. Some experts believe that adult cats knead as a form of self-soothing, tapping into those early feelings of comfort and safety they experienced while nursing.
Another key reason cats knead is to stretch and exercise their muscles. Cats are natural-born hunters, and even indoor cats need to maintain their agility. After waking from a nap, kneading allows them to stretch out their paw muscles, flex their legs, and prepare their bodies for action. This movement is particularly important for older cats, as it helps keep their joints flexible and muscles toned. Kneading can be compared to yoga for cats, helping them stay limber and improving their overall physical well-being.
Kneading may also have a territorial component. Cats have scent glands in their paws, and when they knead, they release subtle pheromones onto the surface they’re kneading. This behaviour is thought to be a way for cats to mark their territory. By kneading you or your belongings, they’re not only showing love but also subtly claiming you as part of their personal space. In this way, kneading serves as a dual-purpose behaviour: a blend of affection and territorial marking.
When a cat kneads on you, it’s typically seen as a strong sign of affection and trust. Cats often view their human companions as part of their social group, and by kneading on you, they’re signalling that they feel safe and comfortable in your presence. In feline social structures, grooming and close physical contact are signs of bonding and trust. Kneading you is a way of saying “I love you” in cat language. It can also bring back the sense of contentment they associate with nursing as kittens, which strengthens the emotional bond between you and your pet.
However, as sweet as kneading can be, it can sometimes become a little uncomfortable for the human involved. If your cat’s kneading is too enthusiastic or painful, it’s a good idea to provide a soft blanket or cushion for them to knead on instead of your lap.
Understanding why your cat kneads can help deepen the bond between you and your feline friend. It’s not just a quirky behaviour, but an important part of their physical and emotional health. Kneading allows cats to express their feelings of comfort, trust, and affection, while also helping them stay agile and flexible. When your cat kneads on you, it’s a clear sign that they feel safe and secure with you – a bond that’s both ancient and deeply rooted in their instincts.
